Strike-slip faults occur when the blocks slide against each other laterally, parallel to the plane. See animation here Strike-Slip Faults Lateral strike-slip faults Contrary to normal faults, these are caused by compression of the plane. In this case, the hanging wall slips up the dip plane. Reverse faults are also known as thrust faults and are also another type of dip-slip faults. They usually occur in response to tension creating the fracture and the following extension of the plane. Normal faults, a type of dip-slip faults, occur when the hanging wall slips down the dip plane. Normal and reverse dip-slip faults with labeled hanging wall and footwall Normal Faults Lastly, in any horizontal fault, the wall partially above the fault is called hanging wall, while the wall partially below the fault is called the footwall. Dip is defined as the angle of the fault relative to the surface of the earth, which indicates the plane on which slip will occur. Because it can't be known if one or both plates moved in the faulting process, this distance is classified as the distance one plate has moved relative to the other. Slip is known as the distance a plate has moved along the other. While there are four types of faults classified by geologists today, Anderson's Fault Theory focuses on the explanation of the three: normal, reverse, and strike-slip. Anderson's Fault Theory (1905) is a way of classifying faults by use of principal stress. Faults can be classified into four types based on the kind of motion between the separated plates: normal, reverse, strike-slip, and oblique. The two parts of the fractured plane grinding against one another can result in an earthquake or deformation of the Earth's crust. Motion cements a fracture's classification as a fault. No movement of the two planes after the fracture results in a joint as opposed to a fault. In geology, a fault is a fracture in the surface of the Earth that occurs when a plane of rocks are under extreme stress and break.
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